Ionospheric effects of the Kamchatka meteoroid: GPS observations
Heading:
| Luo, Y, 1Chernogor, LF 1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2023, 39(2):3-15 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2023.02.003 |
| Start Page: Space Physics |
| Language: Ukrainian |
Abstract: The most important event in astronomy and in the physics of celestial bodies at the beginning of the twenty-first century was the Chelyabinsk meteoroid entry into the terrestrial atmosphere with kinetic energy equal to about 440 kt of TNT. Such an event occurs at a rate of about one per 65 years. The effects from this celestial body were dealt with in more than 200 scientific papers. The entry into the atmosphere of another large meteoroid on December 18, 2018, which has been termed the Kamchatka meteoroid by the author, was reported in less than 25 scientific papers. Meanwhile, the parameters of this meteoroid are quite unique. Its velocity components are estimated to be υx ≈ 6.3, υy ≈ –3, υz ≈ –31.2 km/s yielding the velocity magnitude of 32 km/s, the total optical radiated energy 1.3*1014 J ~ 31 kt TNT, the fireball explosion altitude 26 km over the 56.9° N, 172.4° E geographic location, the trajectory directed at an angle of about 68.6° with respect to the horizon. The initial kinetic energy is estimated to be 173 kt TNT, mass 1.41 kt, and size 9.4 m. The occurrence rate of such a body atmospheric entry is estimated to be one per 30 years. Further studies of the ionospheric effects and the intercomparisons of the results obtained with ground-based and satellite techniques are of interest. The purpose of the present work is to analyze GPS observations of the ionospheric effects and to intercompare them with the results obtained by the ground-based technique for observations of the ionosphere at oblique incidence. One AC60 receiving station at the 53° N, 173° E geographic location at a 450-km distance from the Kamchatka meteoroid explosion and six GPS satellites, PRN02, PRN05, PRN07, PRN09, PRN29 and PRN30, have been used for observing the disturbances that followed the Kamchatka meteoroid entry. The main results are summarized as follows. The time delays of the ionospheric response to the Kamchatka meteoroid explosion have been determined using GPS technology, the horizontal velocities of disturbances have been estimated to be 504...520 m/s, their periods to be 11...18 min, durations 22...35 min, wavelengths 333...530 km, and the amplitudes of disturbances in the electron density 3...4 %. The estimates of wave disturbance relative amplitudes obtained by the ground-based technique substantially in agreement (3...5 % uncertainty) with those obtained by the satellite technique. Their periods are also in fair agreement (about 10...15 min). The wave disturbances associated with both atmospheric gravity waves and seismic waves have been detected using the ground-based and satellite techniques. |
| Keywords: atmospheric gravity wave, GPS technology, ionosphere, Kamchatka meteoroid, seismic wave, traveling ionospheric disturbance |
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