Changes in the volume scattering coefficient of aerosol in the jovian atmosphere derived from whole-disk observations
| 1Ovsak, AS 1Main Astronomical Observatory of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2015, 31(4):61-71 |
| Start Page: Dynamics and Physics of Solar System Bodies |
| Language: Russian |
Abstract: The data about changes in the behavior with depth of the volume scattering coefficient of aerosol σa(P) in the Jovian atmosphere in the profiles of λλ 887, 864, 842, 727, and 619 nm spectral absorption bands of methane are presented. All the values of σa(P) coefficients were reduced to the wavelength 887 nm. We examined the spectrophotometric data obtained from the measurements of the Jovian whole disk during 1993 and 1995. A number of aerosol layers with finite optical thick were clearly recognized from the measurement data obtained in 1993. There are four layers in the upper part of the atmosphere with maximum of σa(P) at the 1.1 bar pressure level and a layer with maximum of at the 16 bar level. In 1995 the value of σa(P) increased by 5 % at the top of the atmosphere and by 60 % in the deep aerosol layer (if compared to 1993). The wavelength dependence of the σa(P) coefficient at deeper levels of the atmosphere was revealed. Presumably this indicates a change in the size of aerosol particles. |
| Keywords: aerosol, atmosphere, Jupiter |
References:
1.V. V. Avramchuk, L. A. Bugaenko, A. V. Morozhenko, and E. G. Yanovitskij, “The results of studies of Jupiter made in the Main Astronomic Observatory of Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences,” Astrom. Astrofiz., No. 31, 54–68 (1977).
2.M. S. Dement’ev and A. V. Morozhenko, “On the vertical heterogeneity of atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune,” Astron. Vestn. 24, 127–134 (1990).
3.A. V. Morozhenko, “The results of polarization studies of Jupiter,” Astrom. Astrofiz., No. 30, 47–54 (1976).
4.A. V. Morozhenko, “On the structure of the Jupiter’s cloud layer,” Pis’ma Astron. Zh. 10, 775–779 (1984).
5.A. V. Morozhenko, “The vertical structure of Jupiter’s latitudinal cloud layers,” Astron. Vestn. 19, 64–76 (1985).
6.A. V. Morozhenko, “Problems in the study of vertical structures of cloud layers in the atmospheres of giant planets,” Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel 9, 3–26 (1993).
7.A. V. Morozhenko, “Probable limits for particle size and relative concentrations of aerosol and methane on formation levels of methane absorption belt centres at λλ 727, 619, 543 and 441 nm in the Neptune’s atmosphere,” Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel 15, 110–122 (1999).
8.A. V. Morozhenko, “The difference between vertical structures of cloud layers of giant planets,” Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel 17, 261–278 (2001).
9.O. V. Morozhenko, Methods and Results of the Remote Probing of Planetary Atmospheres (Nauk. Dumka, Kiev, 2004) [in Ukrainian].
10.L. Axel, “Inhomogeneous models of the atmosphere of Jupiter,” Astrophys. J. 173, 451–468 (1972).
https://doi.org/10.1086/151437
11.D. Banfield, P. J. Gierasch, M. Bell, et al., “Jupiter’s cloud structure from Galileo imaging data,” Icarus 135, 230–250 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1998.5985
12.J. W. Chamberlain, “The atmosphere of Venus near cloud top,” Astrophys. J. 141, 1184–1205 (1965).
https://doi.org/10.1086/148207
13.R. E. Danielson and M. G. Tomasko, “A two-layer model of the Jovian clouds,” J. Atmos. Sci. 26, 462–478 (1969).
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1969)026<0462:SMAAS>2.0.CO;2
14.M. S. Dementiev and A. V. Morozhenko, “Zones and belts of Jupiter’s disk. The difference in the vertical structure of cloud layers,” Solar Syst. Res. 24, 275–287 (1990).
15.Zh. M. Dlugach and M. I. Mishchenko, “The effect of aerosol shape in retrieving optical properties of cloud particles in the planetary atmospheres from the photopolarimetric data. Jupiter,” Sol. Syst. Res. 32, 102–111 (2005).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11208-005-0026-1
16.Zh. M. Dlugach and M. I. Mishchenko, “Photopolarimetry of planetary atmospheres: what observational data are essential for a unique retrieval of aerosol microphysics?,” Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 384, 64–70 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12679.x
17.E. Karkoschka, “Spectrophotometry of the Jovian planets and Titan at 300 to 1000 nm wavelength: The methane spectrum,” Icarus 111, 967–982 (1994).
https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1994.1139
18.E. Karkoschka, “Methane, ammonia, and temperature measurements of the Jovian planets and Titan from CCD-spectrophotometry,” Icarus 133, 134–146 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.1998.5913
19.G. F. Lindal, “The atmosphere of Neptune: an analysis of radio occultation data with Voyager 2,” Astron. J. 103, 967–982 (1992).
https://doi.org/10.1086/116119
20.K. I. Matcheva, B. J. Conrath, P. J. Gierasch, and F. M. Flasar, “The cloud structure of the Jovian atmosphere as seen by the Cassini/CIRS experiment,” Icarus 179, 432–448 (2005).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.020
21.M. I. Mishchenko, “Physical properties of the upper tropospheric aerosols in the equatorial region of Jupiter,” Icarus 84, 296–304 (1990).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(90)90039-C
22.M. I. Mishchenko, “The FORTRAN code for computing the scattering of an ensemble of polydisperse, homogeneous spherical particles in based on the Lorenz-Mie theory, ” http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/mmishchenko/ftpcode/spher.f.
23.M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, R. A. Kahn, and R. A. West, “Modeling phase functions for dustlike tropospheric aerosols using a shape mixture of randomly oriented polydisperse spheroids,” J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16831–16847 (1997).
https://doi.org/10.1029/96JD02110
24.A. V. Morozhenko, “Model of the vertical structure of the optical parameters of the Neptune atmosphere,” Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel 15 (3), 193–200 (1999).
25.A. V. Morozhenko, “New determination of monochromatic methane absorption coefficients with regard to the thermal conditions in the atmospheres of giant planets. IV. Jupiter and Saturn,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 23, 245–257 (2007).
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591307060025
26.A. V. Morozhenko and A. S. Ovsak, “Dependence of the aerosol component of optical thickness and the relative concentration of methane on depth in atmospheres of giant planets,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 25, 173–181 (2009).
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591309040011
27.A. V. Morozhenko, A. S. Ovsak, and P. P. Korsun, “The vertical structure of Jupiter’s cloud layer before and after the impact of comet Shoemaker — Levy 9,” in Proc. Eur. SL-9/Jupiter Workshop, Munchen, Feb. 13–15, 1995 (European Southern Observatory, Garching, 1995), p. 267.
28.A. V. Morozhenko and E. G. Yanovitskij, “The optical properties of Venus and Jovian planets. I. The atmosphere of Jupiter according to polarimetric observations,” Icarus 18, 583–592 (1973).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(73)90060-2
29.H. B. Niemann, S. K. Altreya, G. R. Carignan, et al., “The composition of the Jovian atmosphere as determined by the Galileo probe mass spectrometer,” J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22831–22845 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01050
30.A. S. Ovsak, “Calculation of effective optical depth of absorption line formation in homogeneous semi-infinite planetary atmosphere during anisotropic scattering,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 26, 86–88 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591310020066
31.A. S. Ovsak, “Upgraded technique to analyze the vertical structure of the aerosol component of the atmospheres of giant planets,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 29, 291–300 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591313060056
32.A. S. Ovsak, “Vertical structure of cloud layers in the atmospheres of giant planets. I. On the influence of variations of some atmospheric parameters on the vertical structure characteristics,” Solar Syst. Res. 49, 43–50 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0038094615010050
33.A. S. Ovsak, “Changes in the characteristics of the upper layers of the Jovian atmosphere from the data on the integral observations of the planetary disk,” Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies 31, 25–33 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591315010067
34.O. Ovsak and N. Kostogryz, “The method of computer analysis a vertical structure of aerosole component in the atmospheres of the giant planets,” in Proc. AGU Chapman Conf. on Crossing Boundaries in Planetary Atmospheres: From Earth to Exoplanets, Annapolis, Maryland, June 24–28, 2013, abstract W3.
35.B. Ragent, D. S. Colburn, K. A. Rages, et al., “The clouds of Jupiter: Results of the Galileo Jupiter mission probe Nephelometer experiment,” J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22891–22909 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE00353
36.A. Seiff, D. B. Kirk, T. C. D. Knight, et al., “Thermal structure of Jupiter’s atmosphere near the edge of a 5-µm hot spot in the north equatorial belt,” J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22857–22889 (1998).
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JE01766
37.P. H. Smith and M. G. Tomasko, “Photometry and polarimetry of Jupiter at large phase angles. II. Polarimetry of the South Tropical Zone, South Equatorial Belt, and the Polar Regions from the Pioneer 10 and 11 missions,” Icarus 58, 35–73 (1984).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(84)90097-6
38.C. R. Stoker and Ch. H. Hord, “Vertical cloud structure of the Jupiter’s equatorial plums,” Icarus 64, 557–575 (1985).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(85)90076-4
39.Eh. G. Yanovitskij and A. S. Ovsak, “Effective optical depth of absorption line formation in semi-infinite planetary atmospheres,” Kinematika Fiz. Nebesnykh Tel 13 (4), 1–19 (1997).