Ionospheric effects from the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse in the polar region

Heading: 
Dynamics and Physics of Solar System Bodies
1Chernogor, LF, Mylovanov, YB
1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2022, 38(4):29-52
https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.04.029
Start Page: Dynamics and Physics of Solar System Bodies
Language: Ukrainian
Abstract: 

Solar eclipses (SEs) are determined to reveal a broad array of processes acting in all geospheres. In the ionosphere, a decrease in the electron density, electron, ion, and neutral temperatures take place; the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma significantly changes, wave disturbances are generated, and coupling expands across the entire Earth — atmosphere — ionosphere — magnetosphere system. The effects from SEs have been proved to depend on the magnitude of the solar eclipse, geographic coordinates, season, atmospheric and space weather state, solar cycle magnitude, and other factors. In addition to the recurring or regular effects, effects pertaining to a given SE arise. Therefore, the study of physical processes arising in all geospheres under the action of a SE is an urgent interdisciplinary task. The purpose of this paper is to present observations and analysis of temporal disturbances in total electron content (TEC) in the vertical column over the polar region. The data used in this study include the parameters of signals, received at a network of stations, from navigation satellites passing over the moon’s shadow where M ≈ 0.9 in the latitude range ~ 70…80° N. The annular June 10, 2021 solar eclipse began at 08:12:20 UT and ended at 13:11:19 UT. The moon’s shadow appeared over Canada, than it moved across Greenland, Arctic Ocean, the North Pole, and New Siberian Islands. The moon’s shadow covered the northern part of the Russian Federation. Partial SEs were noted in northern and middle parts of Europe, most of the Russian Federation, Mongolia, and China. Using 11 ground-based stations receiving GPS signals and 8 stations receiving signals from navigation satellites, spatial and temporal variations in TEC have been studied during the maximum magnitude of the eclipse in the polar region (73…72° N latitude), and it has been determined the following. A decrease in the electron density at each station and for every satellite began virtually at once after the SE onset and persisted for about 60 to 100 min. Subsequently, a minimum value of TEC was noted, and further TEC showed an increase to the initial or to the greater value. The TEC average value was observed to be 5.2…10.4 TECU. On average, a decrease in TEC was estimated to be 2.3 ± 0.6 TECU relative to the 8.4 ± 1.6 TECU level. On a relative scale, the decrease varied in the –16.5 to –46 % range over an average value of –(30 ± 9.7) %. The TEC values increased with lateral distance from the region of maximum shade, i.e., with decreasing of the magnitude of the SE, and their disturbances decreased. The time delay between the TEC minima and the SE maximum magnitude has been determined to vary in the 5...30-min range with the mean observed to be 18.3±8.5 min. In the course of the SE, in some cases, TEC exhibited quasi-periodic variations within the period range of 9…15 min and amplitude of 3…5%.ionosphere,

Keywords: aperiodic disturbance, quasi- periodic disturbance parameter, solar eclipse, total electron content

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