Characteristic features of the magnetic and ionospheric storms of December 21—24, 2016
| Luo, Y, 1Chernogor, LF 1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2022, 38(5):51-80 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2022.05.051 |
| Start Page: Dynamics and Physics of Solar System Bodies |
| Language: Ukrainian |
Abstract: Solar storms accompanied by solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and by high-speed flows result in considerable disturbances in the Sun — interplanetary medium — magnetosphere — ionosphere — atmosphere — Earth (internal geospheres) system. As a result, geospace storms arise at our planet, which are synergistically coupling magnetic, ionospheric, atmospheric, and electric storms. Magnetic and ionospheric storms have been studied for a long time, but atmospheric storms have been studied considerably less, as well as the electrical storms have been. Geospace storms and their components exhibit significant variability. It may be asserted that the same two storms do not exist. Therefore, a comprehensive study of each new geospace storm, its manifestations, and features is a pressing scientific issue. This will contribute to an adequate process of their modeling and, in the future, forecasting. The purpose of this paper is to present observations of ionospheric and magnetic storm features, which accompanied the geospace storm of December 21—24, 2016. The state of the geomagnetic field was observed via the fluxmeter magnetometer located at the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Magnetometer Observatory (49°38` N, 36°56` E). The dynamics of the ionospheric plasma was monitored by the Doppler radar at vertical incidence and by the digisonde located at the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Radio Physics Observatory (49°38` N, 36°20` E). The Doppler radar operated at 3.2 and 4.2 MHz; however, only the 3.2-MHz measurements are presented below, since the 4.2-MHz turned out not to be efficient at nighttime when foF2 ~ 2 MHz, which prevented signal reflection from the ionosphere even at 3.2 MHz. Prior to the beginning of the December 20, 2016 magnetic storm, the level of H- and D-components seldom exceeded 0.2…0.7 nT. The sudden storm commencement between 06:00 and 10:00 UT virtually did not affect the level. During the second half of the December 21, 2016, the level of fluctuations exhibited sporadic increases from ~1 to 3…4 nT. During the next few days, up to December 25, 2016, their level showed variations mainly from ~1 to ~2 nT. For the H component, the level showed increases predominantly during the 05:00...15:00 UT period, and for the D component during 10:00...20:00 UT interval. The weak (power of 20 GJ/s and energy of about 0.45 PJ) geospace storm of 21—24 December, 2016 was accompanied by moderate positive ionospheric storm, as well as by three negative ionospheric storms, one of which was very strong, and the other two were strong and moderate. The geospace storm was accompanied by a moderate magnetic storm, energy of about 2 PJ and power of about 56 GW. The positive ionospheric storm did not virtually affected the level of the signal reflected from the ionosphere, whereas the reflected signal was very weak or altogether absent during the negative ionospheric storms. The positive ionospheric storm significantly affected the Doppler shift, when the wave activity enhanced in the ionosphere. The relative amplitude of disturbances in the electron density increased from a few percent to ~50 %, and the period from 6…12 to 40 min. It was not possible to follow wave activity during the negative ionospheric storms. In the course of a long magnetic storm in the period subrange 200…1,000 s, the level of D- and H-components increased from 0.2…0.3 and 0.3…0.5 to 1.0…2.0 nT and 1.0…1.8 nT, respectively. In the period subrange 50…200 s, the level increased from 0.3…0.5 and 0.3…0.5 to 0.5…1.0 and 1.5…2.0 nT. Within the period subrange 10...50 s, the level increased from 0.05…0.06 and 0.10…0.15 nT to 0.20…0.30 and 0.5…1.0 nT. Comparative studies of two geospace storms of December 21—24, 2016 and of March 21—23, 2017 showed that the ionospheric and magnetic effects, despite their differences, were comparable. |
| Keywords: Doppler shift of frequency, geospace storm, ionosphere, ionospheric effect, magnetic storm, perturbation parameters, quasi-periodic perturbation, radio wave reflection level |
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