Physical effects from the Kyiv meteoroid. 1.
Heading:
| 1Chernogor, LF 1V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2023, 39(5):24-53 |
| https://doi.org/10.15407/kfnt2023.05.024 |
| Language: Ukrainian |
Abstract: The purpose of this work is a comprehensive simulation and estimation of the effects in gas dynamics as well as mechanical and optical effects from the Kyiv meteoroid that entered the terrestrial atmosphere and exploded over Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region (Ukraine). According to the International Meteor Organization (IMO), the apparent magnitude was –18m. According to our estimates, the luminous power was 215 GW with an effective duration of 2.4 ± 0.2 s, and the total luminous energy was 25.2 ± 2.5 GJ, the initial kinetic energy was 0.09 ± 0.01 kt of TNT or 375 ± 3 GJ. The initial mass of the cosmic body was estimated to be 0.89 ± 0.09 t, the volume was 0.250 ± 0.025 m3, and the size was 79 ± 3 cm. The initial velocity of the meteoroid reached 29 km/s. The inclination angle, the angle that the trajectory makes with the horizontal plane was 32. The altitude of the explosion, 38 km and the angle, 32°, give an estimate of the material density of approximately 3.5 t/m3, close to the rock density. The energy of the processes and effects in gas dynamics as well as mechanical and optical effects from the celestial body have been analyzed. The main release of energy associated with the deceleration of the fragments of the celestial body, which was defragmented under a dynamical pressure of ~ 2.5 MPa, took place in the region of 2 km in length at an altitude of about 38 km. A quasi-continuous defragmentation was suggested to produce a mass distribution that follows a power law. The main parameters of the ballistic and explosive shock waves have been estimated. For the Mach number of 97, the radius of the ballistic shock wave was estimated to be about 77 m and the fundamental period to be 0.7 s, which showed a dispersive increase from 3.7 s to 11.5 s with the propagation path length increasing from 50 km to 5,000 km. The radii of cylindrical and spherical wavefront shock wave were approximately 0.28 km and 0.34 km respectively, and fundamental period was about 2.6 s and 3.2 s respectively. This period had been increasing from 9.5 s to 30.0 s and from 11.1 s to 35.1 s with the propagation path length increasing from 50 km to 5,000 km. In the vicinity of the meteoroid terminal point, the excess pressure was a maximum on a relative scale. It decreased with decreasing altitude, and increased with increasing altitude up to an altitude of approximately 120...150 km where it attained values of ~ 6...7 of percent, and further it decreased down to units of percent. The absolute value of the excess pressure was estimated to be near the altitude of the explosion, subsequently it decreased with decreasing altitude down to 20...25 km, and further it again increased. At the epicenter of the explosion, it was estimated to be about 94 Pa for cylindrical wavefront and ~ 99 Pa for spherical wavefront, which is not enough to damage objects on the ground. The excess pressure decreased with increasing altitude from 8...15 pascals to micropascals. Given the average duration of the effective light flash of 2.4 s, the maximum power of the fireball was estimated to be 21 GW, the flux of power near the fireball (or more precisely, the cone of 0.5 km in length and of 2.4 m in diameter) to be 5.1 MW/m2. At the same time, the temperature was estimated to be about 3,100 K, and Wien wavelength to be 9.4*10–7 m. |
| Keywords: ablation, ballistic shock wave, deceleration, effect in gas dynamics, excess pressure, fundamental period, inclination angle, mechanical effect, meteoroid, optical effect, spherical shock wave |
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