Діагностика фотосферних джетів спокійної атмосфери Сонця
Heading:
| 1Стоділка, МІ, 2Сухоруков, АВ, 1Присяжний, АІ 1Астрономічна обсерваторія Львівського національного університету імені Івана Франка, Львів, Україна 2Головна астрономічна обсерваторія Національної академії наук України, Київ, Україна |
| Kinemat. fiz. nebesnyh tel (Online) 2019, 35(5):48-84 |
| Start Page: Фізика Сонця |
| Мова: українська |
Анотація: За даними спектральних 2D-спостережень спокійної ділянки центра диска Сонця в лінії Fe I 557.609 нм шляхом розв’язання оберненої задачі переносу випромінювання побудовано гідродинамічні 3D-моделі фотосферних джетів. Отримані моделі описують термодинамічні параметри і повне поле швидкостей (вертикальних і горизонтальних). Показано, що розглянуті фотосферні джети виникають при взаємодії навколишнього середовища з полем магнітної трубки. Джети перебувають в області уніполярного замагніченого низхідного потоку на місці зіткнення двох горизонтальних потоків і виникають здебільшого на краю магнітних трубок. Спостережувані швидкості руху газу є дозвуковими в низхідних потоках джетів. Енерговиділення у фотосферних джетах локалізоване переважно в шарах середньої фото-сфери, де надлишковий тиск виявляється максимальним. Порівняно з навколишнім середовищем, щільність речовини в джетах істотно збільшена у верхніх шарах і зменшена у нижніх шарах фотосфери. |
| Ключові слова: діагностика, джети, Сонце, фотосфера |
References:
1. Baran O. A., Stodilka M. I. (2015) Convection structure in the solar photosphere at granulation and mesogranulation scales. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 31(2). P. 65—72.
2. Vajnshtejn L. A., Sobelman I. I., Yukov E. A. (1979) Vozbuzhdenie atomov i ushirenie spektralnyh linij. M.: Nauka. 320 p. (in Russian).
3. Gurtovenko E. A., Kostyk R. I. (1989) Fraungoferov spektr i sistema solnechnyh sil oscillyatorov. K.: Nauk. dumka. 200 p. (in Russian).
4. Kondrashova N. N. (2016) Spectropolarimetric investigation of an Ellerman bomb: 1. Observations. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 32(1). P. 13—22.
5. Kondrashova N. N. (2016) Spectropolarimetric investigation of an Ellerman bomb: 2. Photospheric models. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 32(2). P. 70—77.
6. Leng K. (1978) Astrofizicheskie formuly. M.: Mir. T. 1. 448 p. (in Russian).
7. Pasechnik M. N. (2016) Spectral study of a pair of Ellerman bombs. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 32(2). P. 55—69.
8. Pasechnik M. N. (2018) Spectral Study of Ellerman Bombs. Photosphere. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 34(2). P. 68—81.
9. Samarskij A. A. (1971) Vvedenie v teoriyu raznostnyh skhem. M.: Nauka. 552 p. (in Russian).
10. Severnyj A. B. (1956) Tonkaya struktura emissii aktivnyh obrazovanij na Solnce. Astronomicheskij zhurnal. 33(1). P. 72—79 (in Russian).
11. Stodilka M. I. (2016) Diagnostics of horizontal velocity field in the solar atmosphere: Line Ba II 455.403 nm. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 32(3). P. 145—152.
12. Stodilka M. I. (2002) Inversna zadacha dlya doslidzhennya neodnoridnostej atmosfery Soncya ta zir. Zhurnal fizychnykh doslidzhen. 6(4). P. 435—442 (in Ukrainian).
13. Stodilka M. I. (2003) The Tychonoff stabilizers in inverse problems of spectral studies. Kinematics Phys. Celestial Bodies. 19(4). P. 229—235.
14. Abramenko V., Yurchyshyn V., Goode P., Kilcik A. (2010) Statistical distribution of size and lifetime of bright points observed with the New Solar Telescope. Astrophys. J. Lett. 725(1). P. L101—L105.
15. Anstee S. D., O’Mara B. J. (1995) Width cross-sections for collisional broadening of s-p and p-s transitions of atomic hydrogen. Mon. Notic. Roy. Astron. Soc. 276. P. 859—866.
16. Archontis V., Hood A. W. (2009) Formation of Ellerman bombs due to 3D flux emergence. Astron. and Astrophys. 508(3). P. 1469—1483.
17. Archontis V., Hood A. W. (2013) A numerical model of standard to blowout jets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 769(2). L21. P. 1—5.
18. Asplund M., Ludwig H. G., Nordlund А., Stein R. F. (2000) The effects of numerical resolution on hydrodynamical surface convection simulations and spectral line formation. Astron. and Astrophys. 359(2). P. 669—681.
19. Ballester J. L., Alexeev I., Collados M., et al. (2018) Partially ionized plasmas in astrophysics. Space Sci. Rev. 214(2). article id. 58. 149 p.
20. Beeck B., Schüssler M., Cameron R. H., Reiners A. (2015) Three-dimensional simulations of near-surface convection in main-sequence stars. III. The structure of small-scale magnetic flux concentrations. Astron. and Astrophys. 581(A42). P. 1— 16.
21. Bello González N., Danilović S., Kneer F. (2013) On the structure and dynamics of Ellerman bombs. Detailed study of three events and modelling of . Astron. and Astrophys. 557(A102).
22. Bellot Rubio L. R., Rodríguez Hidalgo I., Collados M., et al. (2001) Observation of convective collapse and upward-moving shocks in the quiet Sun. Astrophys. J. 560(2). P. 1010—1019.
23. Berger T. E., Title A. M. (1996) On the dynamics of small-scale solar magnetic elements. Astrophys. J. 463. P. 365—371.
24. Berlicki A., Heinzel P. (2014) Observations and NLTE modeling of Ellerman bombs. Astron. and Astrophys. 567. A110. P. 1—10.
25. Borrero J. M., Martínez Pillet V., Schmidt W., et al. (2013) Is magnetic reconnection the cause of supersonic upflows in granular cells? Astrophys. J. 768(1). 69. P. 1— 9.
26. Bovelet B., Wiehr E. (2003) Dynamics of the solar active region finestructure. Astron. and Astrophys. 412. P. 249—255.
27. Chesny D. L., Oluseyi H. M., Orange N. B., Champey P. (2015) Quiet-Sun network bright point phenomena with sigmoidal signatures. Astrophys. J. 814(2). 124. P. 1—10.
28. Cheung M. C. M., Schüssler M., Tarbell T. D., Title A. M. (2008) Solar surface emerging flux regions: a comparative study of radiative MHD modeling and Hinode SOT observations. Astrophys. J. 687(2). P. 1373—1387.
29. Curdt W., Dwivedi B. N., Innes D. E. (1997) EUV observations of bi-directional jets in the solar corona. — Fifth SOHO Workshop: The Corona and Solar Wind Near Minimum Activity, held 17-20 June in Oslo, Norway,1997. Ed. A. Wilson, ESA, 1997. P. 303.
30. Danilovic S., Beeck B., Pietarila A., et al. (2010) Transverse component of the magnetic field in the solar photosphere observed by SUNRISE. Astrophys. J. Lett. 723(2). P. L149—L153.
31. Danilovic S., Cameron R. H., Solanki S. K. (2015) Simulated magnetic flows in the solar photosphere. Astron. and Astrophys. 574(A28). P. 1—7.
32. de la Cruz Rodríguez J., Löfdahl M. S. G., Sütterlin P., Hillberg T., Rouppe van der Voort L. (2015) CRISPRED: A data pipeline for the CRISP imaging spectropolarimeter. Astron. and Astrophys. 573(A40). P. 1—13.
33. del Pino Alemán T., Trujillo Bueno J., Štěpán J., Shchukina N. (2018) A novel investigation of the small-scale magnetic activity of the quiet Sun via the Hanle effect in the Sr I 4607 A line. Astrophys. J. 863. P. 164.
34. Ding J. Y., Madjarska M. S., Doyle J. G., et al. (2011) Magnetic reconnection resulting from flux emergence: implications for jet formation in the lower solar atmosphere? Astron. and Astrophys. 535(A95). P. 1—10.
35. Ellerman F. (1917) Solar hydrogen "bombs". Astrophys. J. 46. P. 298—301.
36. Felipe T., Khomenko E., Collados M. (2010) Magneto-acoustic waves in sunspots: first results from a new three-dimensional nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic code. Astrophys. J. 719(1). P. 357—377.
37. Fischer C. E., Bello González N., Rezaei R. (2016) Quiet Sun magnetic field evolution observed with Hinode SOT and IRIS. — Coimbra Solar Physics Meeting: Ground- based Solar Observations in the Space Instrumentation Era Proceedings of a Meeting held at the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal In 5-9 October 2015. Edited by I. Dorotovic, C. E. Fischer, M. Temmer. ASP Conference Series, Vol. 504. San Francisco: ASP. P. 19.
38. Gehren T., Butler K., Mashonkina L., et al. (2001) Kinetic equilibrium of iron in the atmospheres of cool dwarf stars. I. The solar strong line spectrum. Astron. and Astrophys. 366. P. 981—1002.
39. Georgoulis M. K., Rust D. M., Bernasconi P. N., et al. (2002) Statistics, morphology, and energetics of Ellerman bombs. Astrophys. J. 575(1). P. 506—528.
40. Gontikakis C., Archontis V., Tsinganos K. (2009) Observations and 3D MHD simulations of a solar active region jet. Astron. and Astrophys. 506(3). P. L45—L48.
41. Grossmann-Doerth U., Schüssler M., Steiner O. (1998) Convective intensification of solar surface magnetic fields: results of numerical experiments. Astron. and Astrophys. 337. P. 928—939.
42. Hashimoto Yu., Kitai R., Ichimoto K., et al. (2010) Internal fine structure of Ellerman bombs. Publs Astron. Soc. Jap. 62(4). P. 879—891.
43. Hong Jie, Ding M. D., Li Ying, et al. (2014) Spectral observations of Ellerman bombs and fitting with a two-cloud model. Astrophys. J. 792(1). 13. P. 1—10.
44. Jafarzadeh S., Rouppe van der Voort L., de la Cruz Rodriguez J. (2015) Magnetic upflow events in the quiet-Sun photosphere. I. Observations. Astrophys. J. 810(1). 54. P. 1—12.
45. Keys P. H., Mathioudakis M., Jess D. B., et al. (2011) The velocity distribution of solar photospheric magnetic bright points. Astrophys. J. Lett. 740(2). L40. P. 1—5.
46. Khomenko E. (2006) Diagnostics of quiet-Sun magnetism. Proc. Conf. Solar MHD Theory and Observations: A High Spatial Resolution Perspective, held 18-22 July, 2005 in Sacramento Peak, USA. Eds J. Leibacher, R. F. Stein, and H. Uitenbroek. ASP Conf. Series. 354. P. 63.
47. Khomenko E., Collados M., Felipe T. (2008) Nonlinear numerical simulations of magneto-acoustic wave propagation in small-scale flux tubes. Solar Phys. 251(1-2). P. 589—611.
48. Khomenko E., Vitas N., Collados M., de Vicente A. (2017) Numerical simulations of quiet Sun magnetic fields seeded by the Biermann battery. Astron. and Astrophys. 604(A66). P. 1—8.
49. Khomenko E., Vitas N., Collados M., de Vicente A. (2018) Three-dimensional simulations of solar magneto-convection including effects of partial ionization. Astron. and Astrophys. 618. P. A87.
50. Kitiashvili I. N. (2015) Radiative 3D MHD simulations of the spontaneous small-scale eruptions in the solar atmosphere. IAU General Assembly, Meeting 29. id. 2258477.
51. Kitiashvili I., Yoon S. (2014) Realistic modeling of spontaneous flow eruptions in the quiet Sun. AAS Meeting 224. id. 323.02.
52. Kostik R. I., Shchukina N. G., Rutten R. J. (1996) The solar iron abundance: not the last word. Astron. and Astrophys. 305. P. 325—342.
53. Kostyk R. I., Shchukina N. G., Khomenko E. V. (2006) Fine structure of wave motions in the solar photosphere: Observations and theory. Astron. Rep. 50(7). P. 588—600.
54. Lites B. W., Kubo M., Socas-Navarro H., et al. (2008) The horizontal magnetic flux of the quiet-Sun internetwork as observed with the Hinode spectro-polarimeter. Astrophys. J. 672(2). P. 1237—1253.
55. Martínez Pillet V., Del Toro Iniesta J. C., Quintero Noda C. (2011) Ubiquitous quiet-Sun jets. Astron. and Astrophys. 530. A111. P. 1—6.
56. Mehltretter J. P. (1974) Observations of photospheric faculae at the center of the solar disk. Solar Phys. 38. P. 43—57.
57. Nagata S., Tsuneta S., Suematsu Y., et al. (2008) Formation of solar magnetic flux tubes with kilogauss field strength induced by convective instability. Astrophys. J. Lett. 677(2). P. L145—L147.
58. Narayan G. (2011) Transient downflows associated with the intensification of small-scale magnetic features and bright point formation. Astron. and Astrophys. 529(A79). P. 1—12.
59. Orozco Suárez D., Bellot Rubio L. R., del Toro Iniesta J. C., et al. (2007) Quiet-Sun internetwork magnetic fields from the inversion of Hinode measurements. Astrophys. J. 670(1). P. L61—L64.
60. Panesar N. K., Sterling A. C., Moore R. L., Chakrapani P. (2016) Magnetic flux cancelation as the trigger of solar quiet-region coronal jets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 832(1). L7. P. 1—7.
61. Pariat E., Aulanier G., Schmieder B., et al. (2004) Resistive emergence of undulatory flux tubes. Astrophys. J. 614(2). P. 1099—1112.
62. Parker E. N. (1978) Hydraulic concentration of magnetic fields in the solar photosphere. VI. Adiabatic cooling and concentration in downdrafts. Astrophys. J. 221(1). P. 368—377.
63. Peter H., Tian H., Curdt W., et al. (2014) Hot explosions in the cool atmosphere of the Sun. Science. 346(6207). 1255726. P. 1—30.
64. Piskunov N. E., Kupka F., Ryabchikova T. А., et al. (1995) VALD: The Vienna Atomic Line Data base. Astron. and Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 112(3). P. 525—535.
65. Puschmann K. G., Ruiz Cobo B., Vázquez M., et al. (2005) Time series of high resolution photospheric spectra in a quiet region of the Sun. II. Analysis of the variation of physical quantities of granular structures. Astron. and Astrophys. 441(3). P. 1157—1169.
66. Reid A., Mathioudakis M., Doyle J. G., et al. (2016) Magnetic flux cancellation in Ellerman bombs. Astrophys. J. 823(2). 110. P. 1—10.
67. Reid A., Mathioudakis M., Scullion E., et al. (2015) Ellerman bombs with jets: cause and effect. Astrophys. J. 805(1). 64. P. 1—9.
68. Requerey I. S., Del Toro Iniesta J. C., Bellot Rubio L. R., et al. (2014) The history of a quiet-Sun magnetic element revealed by IMaX/SUNRISE. Astrophys. J. 789(1). id. 6. 12 р.
69. Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M., Rutten R. J., Vissers G. J. M. (2016) Reconnection brightenings in the quiet solar photosphere. Astron. and Astrophys. 592(A100). P. 1—9.
70. Rubio da Costa F., Solanki S. K., Danilovic S., et al. (2015) Centre-to-limb properties of small, photospheric quiet-Sun jets. Astron. and Astrophys. 574. A95. P. 1—8.
71. Ruiz Cobo B., del Toro Iniesta J. C. Inversion of Stokes profiles. Astrophys. J. 1992. 398. № 1. P. 375—385.
72. Rutten R. J. (2016) features with hot onsets. I. Ellerman bombs. Astron. and Astrophys. 590(A124). P. 1—13.
73. Rutten R. J., Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M., Vissers G. J. M. (2015) Ellerman bombs at high resolution. IV. Visibility in Na I and Mg I. Astrophys. J. 808(2). 133. P. 1—7.
74. Rutten R. J., Vissers G. J. M., Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M., Sütterlin P., Vitas N. (2013) Ellerman bombs: fallacies, fads, usage. J. Phys. Conf. Series. 440(1). id. 012007.
75. Scharmer G. B., Bjelksjö K., Korhonen T. K., Lindberg B., Petterson B. (2003) The 1-meter Swedish solar telescope. Innovative Telescopes and Instrumentation for Solar Astrophysics. Eds S. L. Keil, S. V. Avakyan. Proc. SPIE. 4853. P. 341—350.
76. Scharmer G. B., Narayan G., Hillberg T., et al. (2008) CRISP spectropolarimetric imaging of penumbral fine structure. Astrophys. J. Lett. 689(1). P. L69—L72.
77. Schüssler M. (1990) Theoretical aspects of small-scale photospheric magnetic fields. Solar Photosphere: Structure, Convection, and Magnetic Fields. Eds R. J. Rutten, G. Severino. Dordrecht: Kluwer. P. 161—179.
78. Schüssler M. (1992) Small-scale photospheric magnetic fields. — The Sun: a laboratory for astrophysics, Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Crieff, Scotland. Dordrecht: Reidel, Eds J. T. Schmelz, J. C. Brown. NATO Advanced Science Institutes (ASI) Series C, Volume 373, P. 191.
79. Shchukina N., Trujillo Bueno J. (2001) The Iron line formation problem in three-dimensional hydrodynamic models of Solar-like photospheres. Astrophys. J. 550(2). P. 970—990.
80. Sheminova V. A., Gadun A. S. (2000) Evolution of solar magnetic tubes from observations of Stokes parameters. Astron. Rep. 44. P. 701—710.
81. Socas-Navarro H., Manso Sainz R. (2005) Shocks in the quiet solar photosphere: a rather common occurrence. Astrophys. J. 620(1). P. L71—L74.
82. Solanki S. K. (1993) Smallscale solar magnetic fields - an overview. Space Sci. Rev. 63(1-2). P. 1—188.
83. Solanki S. K. (2009) Photospheric magnetic field: quiet Sun. Proc. Conf. Solar Polarization 5: In Honor of Jan Stenflo, held 17—21 September, 2007, Ascona, Switzerland. Eds S. V. Berdyugina, K. N. Nagendra, R. Ramelli. ASP Conf. Series. 405. P. 135.
84. Spruit H. C. (1979) Convective collapse of flux tubes. Solar Phys. 61. P. 363—378.
85. Steiner O., Grossmann-Doerth U., Knölker M., Schüssler M. (1998) Dynamical interaction of solar magnetic elements and granular convection: results of a numerical simulation. Astrophys. J. 495(1). P. 468—484.
86. Stenflo J. O. (1989) Small-scale magnetic structures on the Sun. Astron. and Astrophys. Rev. 1. P. 3—48.
87. Stenflo J. O. (2011) Magnetic fields on the quiet Sun. Cent. Eur. Astrophys. Bull. P. 1—18.
88. Suematsu Y., Tsuneta S., Ichimoto K., et al. (2008) The Solar Optical Telescope of Solar-B (Hinode): The optical telescope assembly. Solar Phys. 249(2). P. 197— 220.
89. Takeuchi A. (1999) Properties of convective instability in a vertical photospheric magnetic flux tube. Astrophys. J. 522(1). P. 518—523.
90. Trujillo Bueno J., Shchukina N. G., Asensio Ramos A. (2004) A substantial amount of hidden magnetic energy in the quiet Sun. Nature. 430(6997). P. 326—329.
91. Tsuneta S., Ichimoto K., Katsukawa Y., et al. (2008) The Solar Optical Telescope for the Hinode mission: an overview. Solar Phys. 249(2). P. 167—196.
92. Utz D., Jurčák J., Hanslmeier A., et al. (2013) Magnetic field strength distribution of magnetic bright points inferred from filtergrams and spectro-polarimetric data. Astron. and Astrophys. 554(A65). P. 1—12.
93. Utz D., van Doorsselaere T., Magyar N., et al. (2017) P-mode induced convective collapse in vertical expanding magnetic flux tubes? Fine Structure and Dynamics of the Solar Atmosphere, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, IAU Symposium. V. 327. P. 86—93.
94. Vargas Domínguez S., Palacios J., Balmaceda L., et al. (2015) Evolution of small-scale magnetic elements in the vicinity of granular-sized swirl convective motions. Solar Phys. 290(2). P. 301—319.
95. Vissers G. J. M., Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M., Rutten R. J. (2013) Ellerman bombs at high resolution. II. Triggering, visibility, and effect on upper atmosphere. Astrophys. J. 774. P. 32—46.
96. Vissers G. J. M., Rouppe van der Voort L. H. M., Rutten R. J., et al. (2015) Ellerman bombs at high resolution. III. Simultaneous observations with IRIS and SST. Astrophys. J. 812(1). 11. P. 1—18.
97. Vögler A., Shelyag S., Schüssler M., et al. (2005) Simulations of magneto-convection in the solar photosphere. Equations, methods, and results of the MURaM code. Astron. and Astrophys. 429. P. 335—351.
98. Watanabe H., Kitai R., Okamoto K., et al. (2008) Spectropolarimetric observation of an emerging flux region: triggering mechanisms of Ellerman bombs. Astrophys. J. 684(1). P. 736—746.
99. Wiehr E., Bovelet B., Hirzberger J. (2004) Brightness and size of small-scale solar magnetic flux concentrations. Astron. and Astrophys. 422. P. L63—L66.
100. Yelles Chaouche L., Solanki S. K., Schüssler M. (2009) Comparison of the thin flux tube approximation with 3D MHD simulations. Astron. and Astrophys. 504(2). P. 595—603.
101. Young P. R. (2015) Dark jets in solar coronal holes. Astrophys. J. 801(2). 124. P. 1—9.
102. Yurchyshyn V. B., Goode P. R., Abramenko V. I., Steiner O. (2011) On the origin of intergranular jets. Astrophys. J. Lett. 736(2). L35. P. 1—6.
103. Zachariadis Th. G., Alissandrakis C. E., Banos G. (1987) Observations of Ellerman bombs in . Solar Phys. 108(2). P. 227—236.